Older adults comprise the majority of patients admitted to ICUs each year. The aging population and improved survival from critical illness is expected to drive a significant increase in the number of older ICU survivors with life-altering physical and cognitive impairments. This session will explore age-related biological processes and clinical factors that affect long-term outcomes from a clinical and translational science perspective, including ways to enhance care for critically ill older adults. Finally, this session will explore the role of aging-related research in understanding outcomes after critical illness and introduce attendees to research programs from the National Institute on Aging.