The airway microbiome affects the development and severity of many pediatric inflammatory airway conditions, including chronic lung disease of prematurity, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic otitis media with effusion. The cross-talk between the microbiota in various locations within the airway, as well as microbiota within the intestines, also has an impact on overall pulmonary health and immunity. This session, encompassing a diverse mix of national and international experts, will focus on both local and systemic effects of the microbiome in the upper and lower airways, temporal changes, and modulation of lung health via the gastrointestinal microbiome.